Mobile Video and the Connection between Short Message System (SMS) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and the Advancement Toward Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
Sending SMS text messages, technically identified as Short Message System (SMS), but more commonly acknowledged as “texting”, is a simple, easy, and handy method to communicate among mobiles. Not just a very good means for people to correspond, SMS can be a sensible manner for software applications to exchange simple messages, and even setup instructions, to and from smartphones. text messages does not require a direct connection between mobile devices; the communications infrastructure for the process is already in position, and it works across most cellular service providers. One facet of SMS messaging that makes it particularly handy for mobile software applications is that it uses mobile phone fixed identity, the phone number. This aspect gives a unique benefit over other technologies that utilize IP addresses because a mobile device IP address can vary depending on current network.
Short Message Service (SMS) is a communication service component of the GSM mobile communication system. It uses standardized communications rules that allow incoming and outgoing short text messages between smartphones. SMS text messaging is the most commonly used data application around the globe, boasting almost two and a half billion active users, or almost 75% of all cellular phone subscribers.
SMS texting as used on modern cell phones was initially included as part of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) series of protocols in 1985 as a way of sending messages of up to 160 characters, to and from GSM mobile handsets. Since the mid-eighties service support has expanded to comprise other mobile technologies such as ANSI CDMA networks and Digital AMPS, as well as satellite and landline networks. The largest number of SMS messages are mobile-to-mobile text messages, though the standard supports other types of broadcast messaging as well. Computer to mobile device SMS capabilities are also expanding rapidly.
Global System for Mobile Communications was initially named Groupe Spécial Mobile. It is the most popular standard for mobile telephone systems around the globe. The GSM Association, the promoting industry association of mobile phone carriers and manufacturers, estimates that about 80% of the global mobile market uses the standard. GSM is utilized by over 3 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories. Its pervasiveness enables international roaming agreements between mobile phone network providers, providing subscribers the benefit of their mobiles all over the world. GSM differs from its forerunner technologies in that both signaling and speech channels are digital. This means GSM is thought of as a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This also eases the extensive implementation of data communication software.
Recent versions of the standard work with the original GSM system. Release ’97 of the standard added packet data capabilities by means of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). Release ’99 introduced high speed data transmission through Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data service available to users of the 2G and 3G GSM. In 2G systems. GPRS data transfer is typically billed per megabyte of datatransferred, while data transfer using traditional circuit switching is charged per minute of connection time, independent of whether or not the subscriber actually is transmitting or if it is in an idle state. GPRS is a best-effort packet switched service, as opposed to circuit switching, that has guaranteed quality of service during the connection for non-mobile users.
2G cellular systems in combination with GPRS are frequently referred to as 2.5G. 2.5G is a technology bridge between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of smartphone telephony. It delivers moderate-speed data transfer, by using unused time division multiple access (TDMA) channels. Originally it was intended to extend GPRS to cover other standards, but these networks are converting to the GSM standard. GPRS is integrated into GSM Release 97 and newer releases.
GPRS was created as a GSM response to the earlier CDPD and i-mode packet switched cellular technology. Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) was a wide-area mobile data service which used unused bandwidth normally used by AMPS mobile phones. The service was dropped along with with the retirement of the parent AMPS service.
CDPD was developed in the early 1990’s, and was seen as a future technology. However, it had competition from existing slower but less expensive Mobitex and DataTac systems. CDPD never gained general acceptance before newer, faster standards such as GPRS gained widespread acceptance and became dominant.
For consumers CDPD had very limited offerings. AT&T Wireless initially sold the technology in the America under the brandname PocketNet, one of the very first consumer wireless web service products. Cingular Wireless later offered CDPD under the Wireless Internet brand (as opposed to Wireless Internet Express, Cingular Wireless GPRS/EDGE data). AT&T Wireless PocketNet was generally considered a failure. But, CDPD was used by some enterprise and government networks. It was especially successful as a first-generation wireless data solution for telemetry devices (machine to machine communications) and for public safety mobile data terminals.
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) (also called Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC), and Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution) is a backward-compatible digital mobile technology that delivers better data transmission rates on top of standard GSM. EDGE is referred to as a 3G radio technology. EDGE provides more than three-fold increase in both the capacity and performance of GSM/GPRS networks by incorporating advanced methods of coding and transmitting data, that produce higher bit-rates per radio channel. EDGE delivers broadband performance and can be used for high bandwidth data applications such as Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS).
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